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Gender Bias: Everyone’s Issue

Introduction

Let me be the first to say, that in my lifetime I have heard about gender inequality on countless occasions. Throughout my education, it was drilled into my mind, and the minds of others like me, that being a female will prove to be challenging when attempting to climb the corporate ladder in my chosen profession.

When I first stepped into law school 2 years ago, I was (and still am) an ambitious and driven law student who always dreamt of becoming a big shot partner at a reputable law firm. I quickly came to realize that, in the legal profession these traits might not be enough for me to achieve my professional development goals.

Is it for my lack of qualification or my lack of drive? I want to assume (and I hope this to be true) that it is not. Unfortunately, this is the reality that many young and seasoned, very qualified, female lawyers face throughout the course of their careers. Over the years society has decided that women are not sound investments. Mark A. Cohen recently touched on this topic in his article, “BigLaw’s Gender Diversity Problem is The Traditional Model Itself.” He describes how women have historically been “punished” for seeking work-life balance, especially when it comes to child rearing and maternity leaves. So what I am hearing is that being genetically predisposed to bare children is the reason fewer women (who work very hard, if not harder than men in some instances) are not fit to climb the corporate ladder and sit in the top ranks of the legal profession. This seems very absurd and unfair, considering we are living in the 21st century. However, this is the reality.

Despite recent initiatives to neutralize the legal profession and tackle the gender bias that exists, the presence of women in the legal profession is seemingly low, especially in senior and partnership positions. The presence of the white male continues to dominate in many law firms. We know that women have been attending law school in equal numbers to our male counterparts, but this fails to be reflected in practice. I would like to argue that the reason for this is that even with the increased initiatives to recruit more qualified female lawyers, there is little done to keep them in the profession and allow them to grow in an environment that meets their needs.

What I mean by this is that hiring an equal number of female and male associates is not enough to change the gender bias. Internal practices and personal views that have been embedded in our society, particularly the “superior” male, need to be altered. Gender roles in the 21st century have changed significantly, and we now see more males assuming domestic roles and contributing to historically female “jobs”. Paternity leave is becoming much more common than it once was. To me, this equalization in the domestic sphere should naturally coincide in the employment sector. If a partner will support a male associate and afford paternity leave to him then why condone a female who may or may not even take maternity leave, simply because she is predisposed to and has a right to, if she so chooses.

The obstacle remains in changing firm culture and views in order to adequately address the gender bias issues. This is obviously no easy task. I suggest we start at the bottom and work our way up, and hope for a slow, seamless change because history tells us that dramatic change in the legal profession is unlikely. Bringing up these issues and engaging in active discussions in classroom settings throughout law school, and in law firms will, slowly but surely, impact and diminish dated attitudes about women in the legal profession. It has been shown that simply hiring more women and meeting the “quota” will not be enough to change the current gender disparities. We need to demand more from the profession and that means accepting and acknowledging women as equal to men despite our genetic differences.  The 21st century needs to foster change, and we need to be the ones to implement it, because we have gone too long working in a profession full of ancient attitudes.

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IS SMALLER SAFER? – PART 1

This is part one of a two part blog aimed at assessing the future of the small law firm. Part one will outline questions and comments that I hope to answer in part two after conducting future research and listening to the opinions that people may have in the comments section of this post.

Although it has been an eye-opening experience to see the future of the profession and the factors at play that will affect it going forward, it seems so far the focus has been more on large, corporate structured firms. However, for myself, this left me pondering how this all could relate to a smaller firm in a smaller city (for example, rural cities in British Columbia). I am curious to know whether these smaller firms in smaller cities will be more or less affected by the innovations anticipated in the coming years. Some say that only the largest, most-established firms will be the firms that survive. However, it seems like these small firms in smaller cities charge lower rates than larger firms. Although this may be a personal intuition, I also have an understanding that some clients in cities like Vancouver outsource some of their work to these smaller firms to reduce costs, especially with the advancement of technology (for example, email, video conferencing, etc.).

With technology advancing and allowing these smaller firms access to information, services, and clients previously not available, will it make them more competitive in the future? Or, perhaps, will larger firms use technology to access these smaller markets themselves? I have read that some say the work smaller firms do will be replaced, to an extent, with software like LegalZoom and Rocket Lawyer. However, these services seem to have been around for a while and yet clients are still forwarding the work to lawyers that could easily be done by these programs. Is it possible that people still prefer the human interaction that comes with dealing with an actual lawyer or are the programs still too new for a large consumer base to feel comfortable using them?

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The Trinity Western University Debacle

Though there is still a long way for us to go, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) rights in Canada are some of the most advanced in the world. However, this is a hot topic within the legal profession.

This is a contemporary issue for us in BC, and in Canada as a whole, as Trinity Western University has fought for accreditation as a new law school program. Earlier this year the Ontario Court of Appeal rejected TWU’s bid for recognition in the province. The Court of Appeal referred to TWU’s prohibition on sexual activity between same-sex couples as degrading and discriminatory. The school’s position is that it does not discriminate and all people are welcome to apply to enrol. However, TWU  does require all members of the student body to sign a “community covenant” or code of conduct that forbids sex outside of heterosexual marriage as an admission requirement.

While it appears that religious freedom and equality are in the crosshairs and on a collision course. This is not the case. In actuality it strikes a balance between religious freedom and equality. As intervenors in the case, like the OUTlaws and Out on Bay Street, have stated, the covenant discriminates against LGBTQ persons since it barters their integrity and dignity for an education. This is unacceptable.  Religious freedom is not a green light to discriminate and as the gatekeepers to the legal profession the Law Societies in BC and Ontario, who both denied TWU recognition, are upholding their ethical responsibility. As John Norris, a lawyer representing the Criminal Lawyers Association, which also intervened, said “The time has come to not accept at face value religious justifications for discriminatory conduct in the public sphere.”

This is an important issue for us since sexuality and who people choose to have sexual interactions with is irrelevant in terms of their ability to be proficient lawyers. Therefore, denying a person the opportunity to obtain an education either because they violate the covenant or simply refuse to sign it is a travesty to our justice and education systems.

Unlike other diversity categories, such as race or gender, employers are not required to collect statistics on the number of LGBTQ people they employ. While it may seem that sexuality is not part of the work experience as it is a private experience, the reality is that there is a link between sexuality and identity and we bring our sexuality to work every day without often realizing that we are doing so.

Sexuality pervades the workplaces in many ways that are often unseen. Sexuality is present in the pictures of our partners that we place on our desks, whether we choose to wear a wedding ring, and when co-workers chat about their families or what they did over the weekend with their partner. Further, sexuality is an engaged part of workplace policies. It is often seen, or unseen as the case may be, in policies regarding parental leave, partner benefits, and who is invited to social events.

For those that identify as members of the LGBTQ community, to disclose their sexuality at work can be daunting.  The choice between either disclosing their sexuality (by refusal to sign the Community Covenant at TWU), or denying their dignity and integrity (by signing it) is one that members of the heterosexual community are not forced to engaged with, and therefore it is discriminatory.

Additionally, if TWU’s plans for a law school do go through it will impact the demographics of the Bar in British Columbia the most since it is likely that most graduates will choose to practice in Vancouver. This will impact the culture of the Bar in BC because if the standards for admission to a law school change in the way TWU is proposing with the mandatory signing of the covenant, then the standards within the Bar will change as well since many of their graduates will likely practice in BC. This means that the standards of professional conduct expected by lawyers and enforced by the Law Society of BC will be impacted, thereby affecting the public and the expectation of being served by competent, honorable legal professionals.

Further, there is the possibility of a stigma being associated with graduates of a law school that discriminates against the LGBTQ. Graduates of other law schools could potentially harbor negative feelings against law graduates of TWU for several reasons, including the fact that the TWU law graduates attended a law school that they simply could not attend if they wanted to stay true to themselves and maintain their integrity and dignity; moreover, they could face stigma due to the fact that the TWU law graduates attended a law school that discriminates. The TWU law graduates may even face further stigma from the public at large for this same reason.

Trinity Western University’s bid to have a law school and have its graduates recognized by the Law Societies around the country is a controversial issue that is very relevant to all professionals within the legal community. This is especially the case in BC since it will have a bigger impact on BC law students and the BC bar than most other provinces.

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India’s Public Interest Litigation – an opportunity for Canada

For many individuals and groups, the prohibitive costs and complexity of the justice system prevents them from bringing forward their case for human rights and social justice. Furthermore, issues of standing can prevent social activists and advocates from filing a lawsuit on behalf of a group facing injustice. One avenue that we can explore in Canada is the expansion of legal standing and who can file a case. In India, public interest litigation (PIL)/social action litigation has allowed third parties to bring forward cases involving constitutional and human rights issues. Furthermore, a case can be filed even on the basis of a letter sent to the court and barriers to filing such a lawsuit are low.

In Canada, pro bono legal services and not-for-profit legal advocacy organizations have played an important role in advocating for economic and environmental justice. Further easing the process for filing cases on matters of public importance could help address social issues. Journalists and concerned citizens could then have another powerful way of raising their voice on these matters.

Some concerns have also been raised. These include PIL cases being used for reasons motivated not by public interest, but for other improper purposes, which leads to a greater number of cases that the judicial system has to deal with. However, these issues can be overcome and solved by ensuring that only cases with merit and with valid issues of concern are allowed to proceed to the next stage.

Analyzing and learning from India’s experience with PIL and exploring its benefits and challenges can allow us to discover potential opportunities for ensuring greater access to justice in Canada. Such a model could help open the doors of the justice system for individuals and organizations on the front-lines of social justice advocacy. We should be exploring ways that we can implement such innovations in our system. This might begin with a pilot program, where we would assess the effectiveness of the system after a reasonable time period.

Justice RS Sodhi, the former Delhi High Court Judge stated the following: “PILs have been able to pick up the grievances of people as a whole, with the objective of en masse improvement of a system. When individuals could not come to court, the courts became obliged to look into a situation as was prevalent and bring improvement in the system.” He also stated that “there are always two sides to a coin. There will be people who will try and exploit [PILs], whether courts allow themselves to be misused…that is where the wisdom of the courts lie.”

The following is a link to a document that describes the issues that a petition for public interest litigation can address in India: http://bit.ly/2bzfGsk. The following link provides basic information about PIL on pages 199-200: http://bit.ly/2dvRsxz. Justice RS Sodhi quoted in: http://bit.ly/2dQ9dew

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Legal Technology; Leaving Language Behind

Now that we are lawyering in the era of LegalZoom, YouTube how-to tutorials, and the all-encompassing answering power of Google, we can finally claim that we are in the age of infinite accessibility. Or can we?

Just over two years ago, when I received my invitation to come join the decorated field of law, several emotions washed over me; some being feelings of happiness, excitement, and nervousness– but the most interesting emotion I felt was that of utter fear of the unknown. I had no idea what I did not know.

As someone who was entering the legal sphere, should I have known more? Did people around me have more knowledge of the law? Was I an unenlightened anomaly? No, I wasn’t. Regardless of the tools of accessibility that are now only a few clicks away, understanding and applying the law and its many dimensions, without guidance, is very daunting, and often futile. There are many reasons for failure without expert help; however, often the answer is as simple (or as complicated) as a language barrier.

When thinking about bridging legal knowledge gaps in more accessible and efficient ways, one may turn to new technologies and contemporary regimes that are designed to be cash-saving in nature. But as we forge forward from the past into the future, is there enough discussion about the other facets of accessibility? Is the discussion surrounding “Lawyering in the 21st Century” monopolized by ideas of fancy technological innovations without enough regard to social inclusion?

I think it is integral to the process of field-wide technological development to routinely keep an open dialogue regarding accessibility issues faced by diverse populations. Tools such as Dragon Dictate, OneNote, GoToMeeting.com, and, the ever-faithful, Adobe Acrobat Professional, have made the process of “law” drastically more efficient and much less painful; but, we must not lose focus on the end results. While we can continue to develop software applications that will rapidly increase our day-to-day productivity, we need to be aware of making legal knowledge more accessible to all.

What does this look like?

Often times, even native speakers of English and French will have difficulties sifting through dense legal jargon to understand the bare bones of a document– so what about for the individuals to whom English is a second, third, or even fourth language? As immigration continues to grow in Canada, the need for language-diverse access to legal services will only grow; therefore, we need to create technologies that directly focus on overcoming such barriers. Not only do we need help in efficiently translating documents, we need to find better ways of allowing diverse individuals to know where to look when looking for specific legal services. First response platforms, such as websites and telephone resources that advertise the services of firms, the government, legal aid etc. must be easier to understand and more user-friendly in languages beyond English and French.

In large culturally-diverse cities, like Toronto and Vancouver, you will find offices of immigration law sprouting like weeds. For example, just a visit down Gerrard street, one of the many “Little India’s” of the GTA, will prove that there is no shortage of access to immigration law for Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi or Urdu speaking clients. But what happens to Zura, a recent Bruneian immigrant living in Sudbury, Ontario who speaks a broken mixture of Malay and English, when she needs access to a copyright lawyer who can answer questions about her rights regarding a recent creation of a song that she would like to upload to YouTube? She tried to Google it and is unable to find the answers she is looking for. Where does she turn?

Of course, there are translation websites and other tools (that are often hard to use, inaccurate, or carry an extra cost on top of the pending legal fees), but most “legal language service” websites, such as transperfectlegal.com, are directed at “international” issues. While that is a great start for others, Zura, and many other immigrants in Canada, are looking for answers solely regarding Canadian laws. With that being said, legaltranslationsolutions.com states that they provide “high-priority language translation services for all aspects of litigation”; while this is a potentially valid solution for others, it does not work in our case as they solely work with litigation cases. And once again, at a fee.

I am by no means disregarding the current legal language tools in existence; however, we need to keep the dialogue and desire to help individuals in unique legal situations who cannot speak English or French going. We need technological tools that will be accurate with low costs for both legal practitioners and clients. The existing language tools need to be partnered with newer and more innovative solutions that provide for a more inclusive, and frankly more useful, Canadian legal landscape. There are just too many diverse individuals who are looking for legal information and assistance to not focus our lens and realize many issues are left unattended because of language. Just think about the money that is left to be made if the doors to legal services were opened just a hair wider… (kidding!)

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The End, and Future, of the Rural Lawyer.

rural

The end of the rural lawyer is, thankfully, in sight.

I should start by saying that it is not from any personal prejudice against those who practice in rural areas that I use “thankfully”. Rather, it is an expression of the relief law students must feel as the idea of practicing in a rural area is, apparently, unappealing to the vast majority of law students. Indeed, it seems to have been for some time now. A quick search finds numerous articles lamenting the lack of enthusiasm amongst potential articling students from  2012, 2014 and even to this day in 2016. As an increasing number of rural lawyers reach the age of retirement, the lack of replacements for them spells a slow end to the rural lawyer.

Yet there is still a pressing need for rural law.

It is self evident that geographical location does not eliminate the legal issues that arise for an individual. So what replaces the future rural lawyer?

Imagine sitting in your office in Tofino, BC – a town of 1,900 –  waiting for your client. They arrive promptly, and you greet them warmly. Offering them a seat, you walk them through your intake forms, deal with their questions, provide reassurance about their concerns and then see them to the door with a friendly smile and a handshake. As they leave, you take a moment to collect yourself before returning to your desk. A desk which is physically located in downtown Victoria.

A wistful dream, or a future closer than you might imagine?

Two recent trends provide good reason for hope for the provision of legal services to rural communities, and neither relies on reversing the trend of students preference for larger cities.

First, the ever increasing rise of rural internet connectivity. More and more small towns are opting to become their own Internet Service Providers. These towns install fibre-optic connections for their entire population. For $57 a month, they can receive speeds of 1,000 megabits. By comparison, Kamloops currently tops out at 150 megabits for $80 a month. The capacity of these networks to allow for increasingly large videos and images to be transferred is just barely beginning to be utilized. Even those that don’t are benefiting from Government initiatives aimed at providing high speed internet to rural communities.

Second, with the launch of Virtual Reality (“VR”) hardware. The recent launch of the consumer models of the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive have brought a high quality experience to the early adopter market. Currently, video games make the most use of these VR devices but the exploitation of VR is just beginning. At Virginia Tech they have created a virtual reality room [worth the watch!], which can be shared between several individuals. Each sees the exact same thing, and can see each other. Within the room, there is virtually no limit to what they may experience together.

The rural lawyer of the future? Well, they need not be rural at all.

With the right amount of bandwidth, this room could be shared with any other room (and any other participant) at any range. So not only can that office in Tofino be used by a lawyer in Victoria, but also one from Vancouver, Calgary or Toronto. Indeed, multiple lawyers could share (at different times) the same office in a small town, bringing a diverse range of experience and knowledge to small towns throughout Canada. Furthermore, the VR room is able to replicate any setting. So your client meetings could happen in a professional office, a farmhouse kitchen or on the beaches of Bali! You could tailor the office to each client, and locale, without any additional cost. Even if cost prevents the implementation of a VR room in every single small town in Canada to begin with, the VR rooms could easily become enough in local hub communities so as to improve access to professionals (such as lawyers, doctors or engineers) for hundreds of thousands of rural clients.

So in short, rejoice – the demise of the rural lawyer is nigh and the as for the future? Well it has never been brighter for rural law.

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Career Metamorphosis

A handful of us in law school are here because we’ve hit the pause button on a career that’ll be enhanced by legal training, which has the potential to open up some interesting career paths beyond the traditional degree-article-firm job trajectory. In my case, a suspended academic career with an accompanying consulting practice tied to law means putting myself back on the other side of the classroom so that I might morph my work into something that can only come from the training that comes with a legal education. It’ll be worth it, right?

A survey of colleagues over the years show some of the interesting hybrid careers that can fall out of putting a layer of law on top of what one has already had some success doing.

One friend has a doctorate in language acquisition and second language learning, and, bolstered by that training, she went into criminal law and now works to address the legal issues that arise owing to weaknesses in legal translation in the courtroom.

Two others came out of high tech and transitioned nicely into intellectual property, bringing their specialized and current knowledge of their fields to guide patent applications and mount pretty formidable infringement cases.

One went from psychology to law, and now does mental health advocacy, including helping agencies seek funding.

The value of these lawyers comes from spending years honing a craft that then informs their legal work with a depth that cannot otherwise be acquired.

Law, we now know as law students, touches on literally every aspect of life and legal issues will always spring up. So whatever it is you did in a past professional life, you can probably parlay that into a career that aims to solve the problems that are endemic in that area. I used to teach and I’d get students in my office with all kinds of career anxiety, so I got pretty good at spitballing ideas. Here’s a few:

  • Were you a teacher? Teachers’ unions need your help, especially in provinces that keep defunding education. More on-the-ground work might see you representing individual teachers or schools in disputes.
  • Were you in health sciences? This one would be full of opportunity. Health tech, recalls, epidemics, policy, no doubt in my mind that another Imperial Tobacco is right around the corner, what with all the vapers in the doorways.
  • Maybe you come from social work? What can you and your expertise bring to some of the issues we need to be confronting in BC right now? Not a day goes by that we aren’t troubled by headlines regarding the homeless, the addicted, the mentally ill, housing crises and there are tons of legal issues arising all the time.
  • Environmental sciences or activism? You won’t be out of work in this province because, pipelines. Environmental agencies and First Nations are going to need your expertise to help make their case.

(You’ve probably noticed that I’m rather social justice minded, so perhaps the business minded can weigh in with their own ideas down in the comments.)

While it seems like jumping ship and going into law is a surefire way to do a mid-life career change, I suspect the hybrid route is one that could have some obstacles. You’re not immune to the thinning articling market, for example. And while no one likes to think it the case, age discrimination is a thing, and might work against you if you’re out there looking for something entry.

But a nice byproduct of the metamorphosed career is being hooked into a field that already knows your name, and that can’t be bad for business.

 

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Artificial Intelligence and the Law

Who is “ROSS” and why is he going to take my job?

As you may have heard mentioned in class (maybe once or twice) the legal profession is changing due to a number of influences, one of which is the pervasive development within the information technology sector, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence (SURPRISE!).

Maybe you’ve heard of “Watson” or “ROSS”, maybe not. But let’s just clarify a few things regarding who these troublemakers are, what they are about, and why your job is definitely threatened by both of them—but arguably not for another 10 years at least (whew!)

Who? What?

Watson: Watson is a technology platform developed by IBM, named after the company’s founder Thomas J. Watson. Watson uses language processing, machine learning and cognitive computing to reveal insights and answer questions from inputted information. He has been successful at analyzing data and providing solutions based on supporting evidence in a variety of areas including the medical field and the law.

Fun Fact:

In 2011,Watson competed against two of Jeopardy’s greatest human champions in a match. Watson won earning $77,147 –Rutter brought in only $21,000 and Jennings $24,000.

ROSS:

Initially ROSS was a submission in an international tech competition where IBM challenged universities to come up with commercial uses for their Watson platform. ROSS is an artificially intelligent “lawyer” developed by U of T students as a legal research tool. ROSS allegedly eliminates the monotonous task of legal research so that lawyers can spend their time focusing on what is important—clients. Because legal research is patterned and repetitive, that is the best recipe for computer automation and hence, the development of ROSS. Intended to be a platform for lawyer use, you can ask it any form of legal question in natural language and ROSS has access to a vast legal databank and sifts through the information to find relevant and accurate legal answers.

Will … or rather when will Ross replace lawyers?

How quick and easy is it to employ ROSS? Besides ROSS platform itself, all you need is an Internet connection and, voila! According to rossintelligence.com he arguably eliminates time “wasted” on training sessions. “Let Ross help you accomplish more than you ever thought humanly possible.”

Now this is a claim I take issue with. Training sessions are important and ROSS is not about to eliminate the need to complete CLEs (they are inherently important in and of themselves, but that is a discussion for another blog). There is value in keeping your industry and case knowledge updated.  No matter how wonderful and useful ROSS may be there are some barriers to overcome…

a) It’s going to take time to learn how to work with ROSS

b) What happens when the Internet cuts out? What happens if there’s a glitch? (Technology is great and useful, when it works)

But most importantly…

c) What about the articling students?

That brings me to my next question: so when will he take your job?

Arguably he already has. ROSS has been bringing in a number of subscription fees and the system is already being used by several law firms including sole practitioners and big law names like Dentons, Latham & Watkins as well as BakerHostetler. The fact that ROSS doesn’t need breaks or sleep (like most articling students) and has the ability to research and work around the clock gives firms a competitive edge —catch: ROSS doesn’t burn out!

But “old law” as we know it places importance on legal research skills and that is primarily what most articling students spend their time doing. Hypothetically, let’s say as time passes, technology further advances, and ROSS becomes more affordable to the point where he is employed by almost every firm in Canada. How are articling students going to learn the ropes? Will there be a need for articling students at all?

None of these questions can be answered for certain but ROSS and other AI that promotes industry efficiency is certainly not going away. The articling process and the value of articling jobs (insofar as the scope remains to complete legal research) are going to diminish and it is very likely that if there are any articling jobs left that whole program is going to experience a radical shift from the way things were done in the “good old days”, involving copious amounts of memo writing and legal research. ROSS is learning how to do that too!

But let’s face the facts here. The legal profession is comparatively one of the most conservative professions there are and the partnership pyramid scheme (dare I say) is still in full force today – and no senior partner in a bigwig firm is going to give up their passive income from all the hours their junior associates are billing overnight. No, this isn’t going to happen the day after tomorrow either. But the market forces are creating tension, clients are becoming better informed, globalization is alive and well, and the call for change in the profession has been happening for some time. Though it will not happen overnight, change is already happening and law students need to prepare themselves for the changing profession appropriately. Flexibility and adaptability are paramount.  Within our career span, tools like ROSS and other AI platforms will be integrated into our everyday practice and will become the norm– that is for certain.

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“Axess” to justice – a new way of delivering legal services

Last Friday, our L21C class was talking a lot about the billing practices and business models of law firms. A lot of problems with the traditional billable hour model were highlighted and we had many discussions on how we can do things differently. We need to do things differently because existing clients are demanding it and potential clients are being left out. In my opinion, the billable hour and the lack of transparency and predictability in the pricing of legal services are major barriers to access to legal services for many individuals. We need to make changes in how we provide our services before others step in and do it for us.

A new way of delivering legal services

In comes Axess Law. They are a radically different law firm. They are located in Walmart. They write wills for $99. These two things alone are a drastic departure from the traditional notion of a law firm. They utilize technology and their experience to make legal services affordable and accessible to the everyday “Walmart shopper.” They are tapping into a market that no other law firm has yet. What makes them so great in my opinion is that they offer affordability and transparency, and therefore accessibility to the “average individual.”

Affordability and predictability

Axess Law will write simple wills for $99 when the average going rate for a basic will is $300. Axess Law started off with a focus on writing wills and other areas of law with defined workflows. Using what they call “Best Retail Practice,” they are able to determine the duration and price of a given client meeting in advance of an appointment. This in turn allows them to develop their back-end technology to support and deliver legal services at prices that you and I could afford.

Transparency

They offer flat fees for a majority of the work that they do and those fees are all clearly indicated on their website and in their storefronts. They provide quotes upfront for more specialized services. I think that this is all really enticing for the average person. Being able to gauge whether if they can afford a particular service before they even begin to engage removes the hesitancy associated with uncertainty.

Accessibility

Axess Law targets that segment of people who are currently not using lawyers. They do so primarily by providing upfront, transparent and affordable prices. They are also conveniently located in high foot traffic areas such as inside a Walmart. They are open seven days a week and into the evenings on weekdays. This enables individuals to consider addressing their legal needs as a part of their day-to-day errands. This level of accessibility diminishes the idea that legal services are only for the rich and elite or large corporations. Basic legal services can be seen as every-day necessities. Legal services delivered in this way decreases the potential for future conflict that often arises with improperly drafted wills, contracts, and various other DIY legal documents.

In a nutshell, Axess Law is providing legal services to those individuals who would otherwise not use any legal services. They are increasing access to justice.

A story of success

Axess Law opened their first location in June 2013. Now, just three years later, they have expanded all across the Greater Toronto Area, and have 12 locations in operation. They have reported a 634% increase in sales over the past two years and are talking about expanding across Canada. Axess Law has been featured in various publications such as the Financial Post, the Financial Times, and the Canadian Lawyer Magazine. Lena Koke, one of the co-founders of Axess Law, was recently named a Rising Star to Watch in the PROFIT/Chatelaine W100 ranking of Canada’s top female entrepreneurs. These are all strong indicators of success for Axess Law’s business model.

A model to adopt in other areas of legal practice?

I have a lot enthusiasm for the advent of a law firm like Axess Law. I think it brings legal services to that large gap of individuals who cannot afford “bespoke legal services” and who make just enough to not qualify for legal aid. Everyone needs legal services and those who have been left out for too long are finally being addressed.

Of course, many questions arise with this mode of practicing law. This truly is commoditizing legal services and questions of quality and ethics, amongst other concerns, come along with it. However, is it really a bad thing to have a basic will prepared and reviewed by a lawyer, when the alternative would be to have no will at all or a DIY will? I think Axess Law strikes a good balance in this regard by referring more complex work on to other firms.

Do you think there is any room with this model of business in other areas of legal practice? Could this “Best Retail Practice” thinking be applied to litigation and more complex legal transactions?

(Note that Axess Law has recently expanded their service offerings to handle small claims litigation – if anybody can shed some light on how they work out the pricing for these services to make it affordable and predictable for their clients, please share.)

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Immigration, anecdotes and project management!

All credit to Joe Gardner from Unsplash (https://unsplash.com/?photo=4xv3lqnanYc)

Let’s talk about immigration law!

So to start, and anecdotally, I have a friend in law school who recently immigrated to Canada. They had a very frustrating time doing so, mostly because of the incredible amounts of bureaucracy and delay involved. Most specifically, he missed a single signature on a single page, sent in the forms, and waited 6 months for a response. The response he finally got was “here’s all your stuff back, sign that 1 missing signature and then send it back in” which is frustrating, but reasonable. So he did that.

You would think the 6-month delay would have to do with postage on both ends, but no! He had to wait another 2 months before finally getting confirmation that they had the forms and had processed them.

He had to wait 8 months for a set of forms to be accepted and recognized! This kind of delay seems insane, and ridiculous. Maybe you can blame it on the bureaucracy. Maybe you can blame it on my friend missing the one signature. Wherever you place the blame, wouldn’t it be nice if you had someone to work through this material with you? Or more likely than not, a program that could keep the immigration process in check and let you know what’s going on with updates?

Enter BridgeUS. This is a startup based in the USA (though I think would likely be very successful in Canada), out of San Francisco, and which seeks to simplify the immigration process, either through an attorney, or on your own.

A screenshot of BridgeUS program at work!
A screenshot of BridgeUS program at work!

BridgeUS has created an application that will walk you through the immigration process, start to finish, with the required forms, checklists, and all of the information you need to ensure that you complete your immigration as quickly as possible, and as easily as possible. The client-facing side is a Do-It-Yourself system, where you simply follow the guide. The application has surveys and methods to gather your information that aren’t simply you filling in blank spots on forms, which is a nice touch as well.

The lawyer facing side is also interesting, because it focuses on project management and tracking of the process. It works on a checklist process, focusing the lawyer on what needs to be done next, and (I assume) through your own input, directs you through the checklists and keeps you up to date on the file, so that even if you walk away from the file and come back to it later, then you can quickly see what you had on the go, and what needs your attention.

I really like BridgeUS. I think this is the kind of tool that governments should necessarily provide, to make the immigration process more transparent, rather than wrapped up in so much bureaucratic red tape that you don’t even know what to do.

Further, I think BridgeUS takes Susskind’s advice, and focuses on incorporating project management into the legal profession, projmanwhich Susskind thinks will be a career specialty unto itself in the future. Good future-proofing, adaptation of a new skill set to force the lawyer to adapt, and both client and lawyer facing.

Good job BridgeUS! Keep up the work! I can’t wait to see your Canadian equivalent eventually pop up!

“Ars, Lex Iuvenesque Inventores: hinc Futurum”

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